The Academic, Cognitive, Psychological, and Ethical Impacts of Excessive AI Tool Use in Higher Education: Evidence from the University of Hail

Abstract

This study examines the academic, cognitive, psychological, and ethical impacts of excessive AI tool use in higher education within the context of the University of Hail. A descriptive–analytical mixed-methods design was employed, involving 78 faculty members and 286 undergraduate students. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. The findings indicate that faculty members express strong concerns regarding academic integrity, critical thinking, and research skills, whereas students demonstrate more neutral attitudes despite acknowledging reduced effort and independence. The study concludes that AI tools offer both benefits and risks, emphasizing the need for regulated and responsible use in higher education.