Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University
type: channel
publisher: مجلة العلوم الإنسانية بجامعة حائل
language: en
publication name: Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University
issn: 1658-788X
copyright: © Journal of Humanities, University of Ha’il. Articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license, permitting use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited with a link to the license and indication of changes.
items: The level of use of educational games and its relationship to information retention among primary school students from the teachers' point of view
items: Deixis in Saudi Women’s Empowerment Speech
items: Mahmoud Taymour’s Critical Perspective in His Book “Monologues with Books and Writers”: A Descriptive Analytical Study
items: A Proposed Vision of the Social Worker’s Role as a Mediator between Medical Institutions and Forensic Medicine in Cases of Medical Errors
items: The Mechanisms of Rhetorical Argumentation in Responding to Certain Claims of the People of the Book.
items: The effectiveness of a training program to improve speech fluency for people with stuttering disorder، enhanced by delay time auditory feedback and frequency modulation (DAF-FAF) techniques
items: Sources of Youth Knowledge about the Dangers of Drugs and their Effect on Shaping Awareness and Behaviour: An Analytical Field Study
items: Conversational implicature in Surah Luqman "An Applied Study"
items: A Proposed Vision for Sustainable Professional Development Strategies for Social Studies Teachers in Light of the Study of History Sources: A Mixed Study
items: Verses popular among the general public: Collection and Study "Verses on Patience, Responsibility, and Trust as a Model"
items: Evaluation of E-Learning Skills Among Secondary School Teachers in Riyadh According to the Standards of the National Centre for E-Learning
items: Market Ethics in the Prophetic Sunnah and Their Impact on the Stability of Commercial Activity: A Foundational Study in Light of Islamic Texts
items: Improving decision-making through spatial suitability planning for solar energy exploitation in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara using GIS technology
items: The Impact of Social Empowerment on the Quality of Life of Low-Income Families in Riyadh
items: The Gap Between the Level of Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Application Among Student Teachers of Mathematics at Al-Jouf University
items: Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence: A Literature Review
items: The Effectiveness of Teaching Physics Using Driver Models in Correcting the Alternative Conceptions of First-grade Female Secondary School Students.
items: The Requirements of the Statement of Claim and the Rules of Its Nullity under Saudi Law
items: The Role of Academic Departments at Umm Al-Qura University in Developing Soft Leadership Skills
items: AI Chatbots in Saudi EFL Higher Education: From Teacher-Dominated Instruction to Student-Centered Learning
items: https://ojs.uoh-jh.com/index.php/jh/en/article/view/89
items: Rhythm formations in the poetry of Abdul Wahab Ibrahim Ashi
items: Awareness of Social Work Students at Qassim University of National Program of Saudi Vision 2030 The Quality of Program as a Model
items: Names divided into cosmic and sharia (legal) in the Holy Qur'an: A Collection and a Study.
items: The effect of the contract is reversed between the rule and the exception "An applied analytical study"
items: A Proposed Model in Light of the Dimensions of Digital Citizenship for teaching Mathematics on Developing Critical Thinking Skills of the Intermediate Stage Female Students
items: Family Alienation in Saudi Society: An Analytical Field Study in Light of Karl Marx's Theory of Alienation
items: The Role of Professional Literacy in Qualifying King Saud University College of Education Students for The Requirements of The Labor Market
items: https://ojs.uoh-jh.com/index.php/jh/en/article/view/80
items: The Level of Practicing Visual Management Strategies and Its Relationship to the Level of Job Engagement from the Perspective of Al-Jouf University Employees

The level of use of educational games and its relationship to information retention among primary school students from the teachers' point of view
type: item
description: The study aimed to reveal the nature of the correlation between educational games and information retention among primary school students from the point of view of female teachers in the Jeddah region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To achieve the study objectives, two scales were developed for educational games and information retention, and their psychometric properties were verified. A random sample of (380) female teachers was selected, and the two scales were applied to them. The results of the study showed that the level of both the teachers’ use of educational games and the level of students’ information retention was average. There is also a positive correlation between educational games and information retention. The results also indicated the presence of statistically significant differences in educational games and information retention attributed to the variable of the teacher’s specialization, in favor of the scientific specialization compared to the humanities specialization. Based on the results of the study, some recommendations were made, including working on using educational games due to their role in information retention among students.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 3
  topic: section
subject: Educational games, information retention, primary school teachers
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Dareen Mubarak Alsulami
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.110

Deixis in Saudi Women’s Empowerment Speech
type: item
description: The study aims to explore deixis in public speech on Saudi women’s empowerment, delivered by significant Saudi politicians, including Princess Reema bint Bandar Al Saud, Princess Haifa bint Mohammed Al Saud, the legal consultant Shaihana Al Azzaz, and the Minister Dr Majed Al Kasabi. A mixed-method approach was employed to obtain the findings. A qualitative method is employed to identify deixis types and subcategories, while descriptive quantitative methods are used to measure deixis frequency. The results show that all speakers employed some or all of the person, time, place, and social deixis, along with their subcategories, to highlight Saudi women’s social position in the past and present, as well as to describe the plan they carried out to develop the women’s transformation and empowerment project. The most commonly used deictic expressions are person deixis, and the least used one is place or spatial deixis.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 3
  topic: section
subject: Deixis, public speech, Saudi women, Empowerment project, Saudi Vision 2030
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Wjoud (Wojood) Hussain Almadani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-15
publication date: 2026-01-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.109

Mahmoud Taymour’s Critical Perspective in His Book “Monologues with Books and Writers”: A Descriptive Analytical Study
type: item
description: This study explores and analyzes Mahmoud Taymour’s critical perspective as reflected in his Monologues with Books and Writers, focusing on the pioneering authors of the Arab Renaissance. The research aims to elucidate this vision, to highlight Taymour’s attention to the writer and his deep appreciation of language, and to examine the extent of impressionism in his artistic affiliations. Through an introduction and three main sections, the study reveals the intimate nature of Taymour’s dialogue with books, his meticulous concern for language, his admiration for its distinguished figures, and his inclination toward impressionism . It also uncovers the clarity, understanding, and objectivity that characterize his monologues, reflecting his profound awareness of his literary and critical context. The study concludes by recommending the continued engagement with such exemplary pioneering models.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Critical Perspective, Mahmoud Taymour, Monologues, Impressionism
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Fahd bin Saleh Al-Mulhim
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-15
publication date: 2026-02-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.108

A Proposed Vision of the Social Worker’s Role as a Mediator between Medical Institutions and Forensic Medicine in Cases of Medical Errors
type: item
description: The main objective of this study was to develop a proposed concept of the social worker’s role as a professional mediator between medical institutions and forensic medicine in cases of medical error in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study relied on a social survey method with a sample, and the sample consisted of (182) social workers distributed among a number of government and private hospitals, primary health centers, and other medical facilities. Based on the study results, a proposed vision for the role of the social worker as a mediator between medical institutions and forensic medicine was formulated, consistent with the professional principles of social work and the requirements of the Saudi healthcare environment. The most prominent tasks proposed for the social worker in this context include professional mediation between medical teams and forensic investigation authorities to bring viewpoints closer in medical error cases; analyzing the psychological and social dimensions associated with a controversial medical case; and providing a professional report that supports balanced decision-making. They also include ensuring effective human communication between patients and their families, and the medical team and investigation authorities, on the other. They also contribute to reducing legal escalation by providing psychological and social support and interpreting legal procedures for patients. They also provide ethical and professional advice to medical teams regarding the effects of medical errors on patients from a social and human perspective.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Social Worker, Medical Institutions, Forensic Medicine, Medical Errors.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Ayed Hamoud Al-Osaimi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.107

The Mechanisms of Rhetorical Argumentation in Responding to Certain Claims of the People of the Book.
type: item
description: Argumentation is considered a pivotal rhetorical tool for persuading the audience and influencing their attitudes and opinions. It is based on presenting evidence and proofs according to a logical progression known as the "argumentative hierarchy," which organizes arguments according to their strength and weakness, thereby granting argumentative discourse its distinctive persuasive character. Given that the People of the Book were known for reprehensible traits and false claims, the Qur’an confronted these claims with refuting arguments and decisive proofs that expose their falsehood and invalidate them. Accordingly, this study seeks to explore the rhetorical argumentative mechanisms employed in responding to some of the claims of the People of the Book, by selecting representative examples of such claims for descriptive and analytical examination, without aiming for exhaustive coverage, and drawing upon a set of Qur’anic verses and interpreting their argumentative dimensions in light of several exegetical works and specialized references related to the subject of the study.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Rhetori, Argumentation, Claims, People of the Book
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Hessh Saud Alhazzani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.106

The effectiveness of a training program to improve speech fluency for people with stuttering disorder، enhanced by delay time auditory feedback and frequency modulation (DAF-FAF) techniques
type: item
description: The aim of the research was to develop a training program to improve speech fluency for university students with stuttering disorder، enhanced with assistive techniques. The literature on stuttering disorder، programs، and assistive therapeutic techniques for Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) and Frequency Altered Feedback (FAF) were reviewed. Then، a student case study card، a stuttering scale، and a training program (24) sessions were prepared. Then، it was reinforced with assistive techniques in two implementation phases during (8) sessions. The tools and program were scientifically controlled. The tools were applied pre-test on the research sample، which consisted of (5) students. Then، they were trained during (24) sessions with the traditional behavioral training program. The stuttering scale was applied to them as an initial post-test. Then، they were trained with assistive techniques during (8) sessions، and the stuttering scale was applied to them as a second post-test. To verify the effectiveness of both programs، the Blake's ratio for the adjusted gain of the traditional program was calculated، which was (1.1) a ratio indicating its limited effectiveness. The gain ratio of the program after being enhanced with supportive technologies was also calculated، which was (4.6), a ratio indicating its effectiveness. The Wilcoxon test was used to calculate the significance of the differences between the effects of the two programs، the traditional and the technology-enhanced program. The calculated Z value was (2.8), which is a statistically significant value (at the 0.05 level) indicating the presence of significant differences in the level of improvement of the research sample in favor of their training in the technology-enhanced program.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Stuttering, Effectiveness, Technology for Stuttering Treatment.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mohamad Adnan Bukhary
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.105

Sources of Youth Knowledge about the Dangers of Drugs and their Effect on Shaping Awareness and Behaviour: An Analytical Field Study
type: item
description: This study addressed youth knowledge sources concerning risks of drugs and their effect on shaping awareness and behavior. That is, it aimed to identify the most prominent of these sources, reliability, and direct effect on youth awareness and behaviors related to use or prevention of drug risks, enhancing the effectiveness of the main sources. A social survey method, using a simple random sample, was used. A questionnaire was administered to 775 young men and women in Riyadh, aged between 15 and over 22 years, including university students, secondary school students, and those not enrolled in education. Data were analyzed using the SPSS program using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The findings of the study showed that the family scored the most effective and reliable source of knowledge about drugs, followed by media and school, respectively, while other sources (e.g., friends, Net, social media) were less reliable; there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores females and university students attributed to the variables of gender and educational level variables in favor females; there was a strong positive relationship between reliance on official sources (family, school, media) and awareness of drug risks; and there was an average positive relationship between reliance on Net and social media and awareness, versus a negative relationship between reliance on friends as an informal source and low awareness.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge, Knowledge Sources, Drugs, Youth, Awareness
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Hajari Ahmed M.Alayshi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.104

Conversational implicature in Surah Luqman "An Applied Study"
type: item
description: This study examines the theory of conversational implicature, which has attracted wide attention due to its connection with the pragmatic performance of language and its evident practical value. Previous studies have mainly focused on its application in various branches of rhetoric, while largely neglecting its presence in grammatical discourse—despite the fact that grammatical rules embody the same principles of conversation proposed by Grice. The research seeks to establish a link between grammatical rules and the maxims of conversational implicature, exploring their counterparts in syntax with respect to the principles of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner, as well as their underlying rhetorical significance. The study focuses on Sūrat Luqmān, which contains two types of dialogue—divine-to-human and human-to-human—to uncover dimensions of Qurʾānic inimitability. Its goal is to strengthen the relationship between grammar and modern linguistic theories and to highlight the genius of Arab grammarians in describing the Arabic system. The study adopts inductive, analytical, and deductive methods, concluding that conversational implicature is a procedural concept of great analytical value in understanding texts and revealing their aesthetic levels, with multiple approaches to its application depending on the philosophical and intellectual foundations upon which Grice built his model.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Conversational implicature, conversation, cooperation, violation, gramma
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Aisha bint Nasser bin Saleh Al-Battah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.103

A Proposed Vision for Sustainable Professional Development Strategies for Social Studies Teachers in Light of the Study of History Sources: A Mixed Study
type: item
description: The study aimed to build a proposed vision for sustainable professional development strategies for social studies teachers in light of the study of history sources. The mixed approach was followed according to the exploratory sequential design consisting of two stages: the qualitative stage (grounded theory method), which included conducting open interviews with (12) experts in three Saudi universities, then the quantitative stage (the descriptive survey method), in which a questionnaire was distributed to a sample consisting of (320) social studies teachers in schools in the Medina region. The qualitative results showed that the experts’ perceptions of the best sustainable professional development strategies for social studies teachers in light of the study of history sources were represented in three main areas: (school-centered strategies, digitalization-centered strategies, and research activity-centered strategies), from which (13) sub-strategies related to the study of history sources emerged, namely: (professional learning communities, workshops, a school training unit, Panel discussion, expert training sessions, peer observation, historical debates, digital platforms, professional networks with stakeholders, artificial intelligence platforms, action research, research projects, and attendance at scientific seminars at relevant institutions). The quantitative results also showed that the reality of strategies needed for social studies teachers from their perspectives came at a degree of (strongly agree), with an average of (4.21), and the fields were ranked in descending order as follows (digitalization-centered strategies, school-centered strategies, research activity-centered strategies).The study presented a proposed vision for these strategies including: proposed vision benchmarks, its objectives, content, requirements, implementation obstacles, and ways to overcome them.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Professional Development Strategies, Social Studies Teachers, Historical Sources.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Rania Naser Hamed Al-Raddadi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.102

Verses popular among the general public: Collection and Study "Verses on Patience, Responsibility, and Trust as a Model"
type: item
description: The significance of this study lies in its scholarly treatment of the phenomenon of the circulation and popularity of Qur’anic verses among the general public. This phenomenon reveals the discursive dimension of the Qur’anic text and its profound impact on cultural and social discourse, while also highlighting instances in which some verses are employed outside their original exegetical contexts. The research aims to identify the most commonly cited Qur’anic verses among the public, examine their contexts within the Qur’anic text, provide a concise interpretation that clarifies their authentic meanings, and analyze the ways in which these verses are used in popular discourse to uncover the factors contributing to their widespread prevalence. The study employed a statistical method to record and catalog these verses, an analytical method to investigate their exegetical contexts and meanings, and a critical method to evaluate and refine previous scholarly opinions. The research identified seventy-four reasons for the popularity of these verses and explored the patterns of their usage in religious, social, and cultural contexts. This contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between the Qur’anic text and popular culture, guides the reception of these verses toward their proper exegetical purposes, and calls for further rigorous studies on the presence of the Qur’anic text in public discourse in a way that preserves its sanctity and elucidates its original meanings.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Thematic interpretation, popular verses, the general public, reason for popularity
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mohaamad Ali Mohammad Alshouibi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.101

Evaluation of E-Learning Skills Among Secondary School Teachers in Riyadh According to the Standards of the National Centre for E-Learning
type: item
description: The study aimed to determine the extent to which e-learning skills are available among female high school teachers in Riyadh, based on the standards of the National eLearning Center. A descriptive methodology was employed, and data were collected using a questionnaire developed in accordance with the quality assurance standards for e-learning issued by the National eLearning Center. The questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 132 teachers. The results of the study revealed that female high school teachers in Riyadh possess e-learning competencies to a high degree, with an average score of 3.95. Skills related to interaction and active learning ranked highest, indicating a high level of proficiency, whereas assessment and evaluation skills ranked lowest. Regarding the study variables, the statistical analysis showed no significant differences based on years of experience, academic qualification, or field of specialization. In light of the results, the researchers made several recommendations, the most important of which is the development of teachers’ assessment and evaluation skills, as well as the enhancement of their technical competencies through training programs on the use of modern technological innovations, such as augmented reality applications and artificial intelligence in education.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Professional Development, Distance Teaching, Teaching Quality, Digital Competencies, Educational Platforms.
  topic: keywords
creator: A.Wafaa Ali Tami Alotaibi
creator: Dr. Fawzeya Abdulrahman Alghamdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.99

Market Ethics in the Prophetic Sunnah and Their Impact on the Stability of Commercial Activity: A Foundational Study in Light of Islamic Texts
type: item
description: This research aims to establish the ethical foundations of the marketplace in light of the Prophetic Sunnah and to analyze their role in regulating commercial activity to achieve economic stability. The study adopts a tripartite methodology: the inductive method for collecting relevant Prophetic traditions on market behavior; the doctrinal method to link these traditions to the overarching objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah); and the analytical method to examine the economic and social impacts of applying these ethical principles. The findings reveal that the Islamic marketplace operates as a comprehensive ethical and legislative system based on honesty، trustworthiness، and the prohibition of fraud، monopolization، and deceit. These principles foster trust among market participants and enhance transparency and stability. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of applying Islamic market ethics in contemporary economic systems through regulatory mechanisms such as modern adaptations of the ḥisbah (market supervision)، ethical codes for commercial institutions، and the integration of moral values into economic policymaking. The study recommends incorporating Islamic ethical models into modern market reforms، promoting ethical economic education، and developing indicators to assess the moral performance of markets alongside traditional financial metrics.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Market ethics، monopoly، economic stability، ḥisbah، Islamic economics.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Mujahid Difallah Saleh Alamri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.98

Improving decision-making through spatial suitability planning for solar energy exploitation in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara using GIS technology
type: item
description: There is an increasing need to enhance the utilization of environmental components as societies develop. Functional integration between ecosystems in urban environments promotes economic, social, and environmental levels for the sake of sustainability. Global and national plans aim to achieve this goal, including reaching net-zero emissions by 2050, which underscores the importance of planning to expand the renewable energy market. Solar energy is currently one of the fastest-growing renewable resources and represents a key strategic option to meet future energy needs. The main objective of this study is to identify suitable locations for building solar power plants in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara, using the Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on a review of previous literature, criteria were collected and variables determined according to the environmental characteristics similar to the study area. The main findings of the study show that the highest spatial suitability for solar power plant sites was in Al-Awali Municipality, with an area of 25,364 km², followed by Quba Municipality with an area of 11,665 km² of the total study area. On the other hand, Uhud Municipality ranked first in terms of least suitability, with a total unsuitable area of 53,986 km², followed by Quba and Al-Bayda Municipalities with smaller areas relative to the total area of Al-Madinah Al-Munawara. The study recommended conducting further research to identify locations where solar panels, aiming to create a mix of Renewable energy sources and to rationalize the consumption of conventional resources.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Environmental sustainability, spatial suitability, renewable energy, developmental planning, GIS
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Nashmiah Saud Awad Al-Hujuri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.97

The Impact of Social Empowerment on the Quality of Life of Low-Income Families in Riyadh
type: item
description: The study aims to determine the level of social empowerment that contributes to achieving the quality of life for low-income families in Riyadh. It identifies the criteria used to evaluate the impact of empowerment programs and monitor the most prominent obstacles that limit their effectiveness. This study adopts a descriptive, analytical survey approach. The research sample was randomly selected, and the final sample of the study consisted of (382) participants from low-income families in Riyadh. The findings showed that low-income families in Riyadh demonstrate a medium to high level of social empowerment, given the availability of services and fair treatment, while emphasizing the need for further empowerment in the areas of community participation, skill development, and influence. It also revealed that the criteria used to evaluate the impact of social empowerment programs are well applied, and that these programs have a positive and tangible impact on several aspects of quality of life, particularly in the areas of health, education, and family stability. Furthermore, these families face a range of interconnected obstacles, including awareness-raising, financial, and organizational aspects, which calls for integrated interventions to ensure the effectiveness of social empowerment programs and achieve the targeted quality of life.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 2
  topic: section
subject: Social Empowerment, Quality of Life, Low-income families
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Abdelhadi bin Sharhan Alotaibi
creator: Dr. Awadh bin Hawsan Alotaibi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.96

The Gap Between the Level of Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Application Among Student Teachers of Mathematics at Al-Jouf University
type: item
description: The study aimed to reveal the multiple knowledge and practical application of students interested in mathematics at Al-Jouf University. A new study was formed of (70) students who were graduates of the College of Science - Mathematics major at the branches of Al-Jouf University (Sakaka, Al-Qurayyat, Tabarjal). The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach. To achieve the study's objective, two scales were developed: the first to measure the extent to which student teachers of mathematics possess theoretical knowledge in light of professional standards, and the second to measure the extent to which student teachers of mathematics are able to apply it practically in light of professional standards. Their validity and reliability were verified. The results indicated a clear gap between the level of theoretical knowledge and practical application among student teachers of mathematics at Al-Jouf University. The results also showed no statistically significant differences attributable to gender The study recommended strengthening the link between theoretical knowledge and practical application among mathematics teacher trainees by developing training programs and applied courses that align with professional teacher standards.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: The gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, student teachers of mathematics, professional standards, Al-Jouf University
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Fatimah Mogbil F Alenazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.95

Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence: A Literature Review
type: item
description: This review aims to provide a comprehensive literary analysis of previous research on Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence. It does so by examining the development of both concepts and analyzing relevant Arabic and international studies. The review also highlights the most prominent terms associated with these fields. Moreover, it explores the extent of interest shown by academic institutions, conferences, and workshops in these topics, in addition to tracking the prevalence of both terms, whether independently or in an integrated manner, across digital indicators via search engines and various databases at both the Arab and international levels. The review also includes clear conceptual and operational definitions for both Knowledge Management and Artificial Intelligence. In this context, the current review focuses on tracing the initial emergence of these topics, the associated research concepts, and a survey of the theories and research trends that have addressed them. Furthermore, it sheds light on the evolution of studies in this field and analyzes the level of attention given to it by conferences, workshops, and scientific societies, while monitoring the digital dissemination of the topic’s terminology across Arabic and international databases and search engines.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge Management, Artificial Intelligence.
  topic: keywords
creator: A.Awatif Abdullah Al-Murayziq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.94

The Effectiveness of Teaching Physics Using Driver Models in Correcting the Alternative Conceptions of First-grade Female Secondary School Students.
type: item
description: The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of Driver Models in correcting the alternative scientific physics visions of first grade female secondary school students. The study used two approaches: the descriptive method to identify alternative conceptions in forces and motion subjects, and the quasi-experimental method to investigate Driver Models' effect on correcting alternative conceptions. The sample included 62 first grade secondary school female students. The participants were randomly selected from secondary school in Riyadh. The findings showed that there were alternative conceptions of scientific concepts of the participants in forces and motion subjects. There were statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.01) between the two mean scores of experimental group female students in the two tests of alternative conceptions of scientific concepts in pre- and post-application attributed to the Driver Models variable. Also, there were statistically significant differences at the significance level (0.01) between the two mean scores of experimental and control groups in the test of alternative conceptions of scientific concepts attributed to the Driver Models variable. The Black Modified Gain Ratie increased when correcting alternative conceptions, which was 5.56, indicating that there was a significant effect of the Driver Models in correcting alternative conceptions of the scientific concepts among first-grade secondary school female students
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Driver Models, alternative conceptions, teaching physics
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Haya bint Mohammed Abdullah Al-subaie
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.93

The Requirements of the Statement of Claim and the Rules of Its Nullity under Saudi Law
type: item
description: This study explores the requirements of the statement of claim and the rules of its nullity under Saudi law, since the statement of claim represents the procedural foundation upon which litigation is initiated, and judicial disputes are established. Its importance lies in the fact that any omission or defect may suspend proceedings or render the claim null, potentially leading to loss of rights or prolongation of disputes, especially in light of the digital transformation of judicial procedures through the Najiz platform.The research aims to clarify the legal framework governing the statement of claim in Saudi law by defining its concept and statutory basis, identifying its essential procedural requirements, and analyzing nullity as a sanction for defects. It distinguishes between conditions whose absence results in nullity and those that may be corrected without invalidating the claim. The study also examines judicial practices concerning nullity and whether courts may rule on it independently or only upon a party’s objection.Methodologically, the research adopts a descriptive, analytical, and comparative approach, combining statutory provisions with classical jurisprudence, modern legal scholarship, and judicial applications.The findings reveal that the statement of claim is indispensable for initiating litigation, and its essential requirements are necessary for validity. Procedural defects, however, may be rectified if the intended purpose of the rule is achieved. The study also shows that Saudi courts occasionally declare nullity ex officio, highlighting the need for legislative clarification and for updating statutory provisions to align with electronic litigation.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Statement of Claim, Requirements of the Statement of Claim, Nullity of the Statement of Claim, Saudi Law, Saudi Law of Civil Procedure
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Fahad Ali Abdullah Alhassun
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-15
publication date: 2025-12-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.92

The Role of Academic Departments at Umm Al-Qura University in Developing Soft Leadership Skills
type: item
description: This study aimed to assess the role of academic departments in enhancing soft leadership skills among graduate students at Umm Al-Qura University. It also examined whether gender, academic level, and scientific specialization influenced students' perceptions. The study sample consisted of 341 master's and doctoral students during the 1446 academic year. Using a descriptive survey methodology approach and an electronic questionnaire analyzed with SPSS, results showed an overall average perception of departmental support. Critical thinking, self-marketing, and teamwork were rated average, while communication, emotional intelligence, technology use, research, and innovation were rated highly. Significant differences favored males, master's students, and certain specializations. The study recommended enhancing soft leadership skills through tailored educational and training programs, incorporating diverse methods to effectively foster these abilities.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Soft Leadership, Soft Leadership Skills, Graduate Studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Kholoud Ahmad Al Ansari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.91

AI Chatbots in Saudi EFL Higher Education: From Teacher-Dominated Instruction to Student-Centered Learning
type: item
description: Proficiency in the English language continues to be mired in numerous hurdles for Saudi leaners: one major problem is hanging on teacher-dominated instruction and GTM. This study aims to look into how Artificial Intelligence chatbots, such as ChatGPT, can redefine it into a more student-centered way of teaching. The research is intuitive and coherent in the context of connectivism and socio-cultural theory in finding relevant evidence whether AI can reduce such teacher domination and improve student autonomy and communicative competence among Saudi undergraduates in the field of English. A mixed-method design was employed, with a quantitative survey (N=72) together with qualitative interviews. The findings indicated that AI use is a strong positive predictor of both student-centered teaching practices and improvements in learner autonomy and communication competence. Moreover, it showed that greater engagement with AI was significantly associated with a more student-centered orientation in learning, increased learner autonomy, and enhanced communicative skills. Qualitative data further supported these findings, suggesting that AI boosts students' confidence and participation. Thus, AI tools present a juncture in the trajectory of Saudi higher education's pedagogical change concerning diminished conventional teacher dominance and a more autonomous student-centered learning environment in line with Saudi Vision 2030.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: AI Chatbots; Student-Centered Learning; Teacher Dominance; Saudi EFL Education; Learner Autonomy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sahal R. Alshammari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.90

https://ojs.uoh-jh.com/index.php/jh/en/article/view/89
type: item
title: The degree of inclusion of sustainable development dimensions in the content of Earth and Space Sciences textbooks for secondary school in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the development of a proposed vision.
description: The study aimed to include the dimensions of sustainable development in the content of the Earth and Space Sciences book for secondary school in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to develop a proposed vision. The researcher used the descriptive approach with a content analysis method, and prepared a list of the dimensions of sustainable development that should be included in the content of the book. The sample consisted of the Earth and Space Sciences book for the third secondary grade, second semester (Masarat system). The tool was a content analysis card, which consists of the main dimensions of sustainable development, where each dimension included a number of indicators. The environmental dimension contains (15) indicators, the economic dimension consists of (10) indicators, and the social dimension (15) indicators. The reliability of the analysis tool was calculated by analyzing the same material twice, separated in time, then comparing the results of the two analyses. To determine the degree of inclusion of the dimensions of sustainable development in the content of the book, the researcher used frequencies and percentages. The results showed that there was a disparity in the distribution of the dimensions of sustainable development for the sub-indicators included in the book. The environmental dimension came in first place with a percentage of (55.48%), then the economic dimension with a percentage of (28.38%), and the social dimension came in last place with a percentage of (15.48%). ((12.46%, and based on the results of the study, the researcher recommends the necessity of achieving a balance between the three dimensions of sustainable development, and enhancing the inclusion of the social dimension in the content of the Earth and Space Sciences book.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Development, Earth and Space Sciences book
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Noora bint Faraj bin Mohammed Al-Dosari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.89

Rhythm formations in the poetry of Abdul Wahab Ibrahim Ashi
type: item
description: The study revealed the formations of the rhythmic structure in the works of the poet Abdel-Wahab Ibrahim Ashi between the external rhythm, represented by meter and rhyme, and the internal rhythm, which includes: Rotation, syntactic parallelism, repetition in its various types, alliteration, and counterpoint, and demonstrated the poet’s commitment - often - to meter and rhyme, and the tendency in his meters to be complete. The long, sandy, perfect, close together, plentiful, and simple sea are among the most revolving seas in his poetry. The poet also invested various rhythmic phenomena in enriching the internal music. He achieved sound engineering that gave the poem elegance and attractiveness, in addition to its synergy with various connotations, which led to vitality in the poetic context.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Meter, rhyme, parallelism, repetition, rotation
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Abdul Rahman bin Khalifa Al-Mulhim
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.88

Awareness of Social Work Students at Qassim University of National Program of Saudi Vision 2030 The Quality of Program as a Model
type: item
description: This study aimed to determine the level of awareness among social work students at Qassim University regarding the national programs of Saudi Vision 2030, focusing on the Quality-of-Life Program as a case study. The researcher employed the social survey method as a scientific approach, and the study population included all students of the Department of Sociology and Social Work at the College of Languages and Humanities at Qassim University. A purposive sample of 258 students (both male and female) was selected from the population., and a questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool. The findings revealed that the participants expressed a high level of agreement regarding the awareness of social work students about the national programs of Vision 2030, with a mean score of (3.62 out of 5.00). They also showed a high level of agreement on their awareness of the goals of the Quality-of-Life Program, with a mean score of (3.90 out of 5.00). Furthermore, the results indicated statistically significant differences at the (0.01) level or lower in the responses of the participants concerning their awareness of the program and its goals, in favor of female students, highlighting the role of gender in shaping awareness of these national programs.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Awareness, Vision 2030, Quality of Life Program, Social Work - Students
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Salwa Daud Saad Bindaud
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.87

Names divided into cosmic and sharia (legal) in the Holy Qur'an: A Collection and a Study.
type: item
description: This study examines the concept of designations (al-musammayāt) in the Holy Qur’an by collecting and analyzing them within the framework of their division into universal (kawniyyah) and legislative (shar‘iyyah) categories, highlighting the essential distinctions between the two and their impact on understanding and applying the Qur’anic text. The research aims to clarify the difference between universal and legislative designations, explore the implications of this distinction for the believer’s comprehension of Qur’anic discourse, and determine the responsibilities that arise after such knowledge. The study adopts an inductive, analytical, and comparative methodology. The findings reveal that universal designations are synonymous with divine will and encompass everything that God decrees and creates in the universe, whether good or evil, beloved to Him or not, and they inevitably occur. In contrast, legislative designations are synonymous with divine love and approval, encompassing what God commands and legislates for His servants, whether by enjoining what He loves and approves or forbidding what He dislikes, and they may or may not occur—yet when they do, they fall within the scope of universal designations. The study further concludes that certain Qur’anic designations may simultaneously convey both universal and legislative meanings, reflecting the depth and comprehensiveness of Qur’anic expression.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: Cosmic, sharia, will, love and satisfaction, will.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Munayfah Bint Khulaif Bin Hamoud Alshammari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.86

The effect of the contract is reversed between the rule and the exception "An applied analytical study"
type: item
description: The issue of the contract’s effect being transferred to the successor is one of the fundamental issues in the general theory of obligations, as it raises problems related to the extent of the transfer of rights and duties between predecessors and successors. The research aims to clarify the effect of this transfer to the general successor, the special successor, and the cases of exception. The researcher adopted the inductive method, the analytical method, and the applied method. The study concluded that there are two types of successors: the first: the general successor: who succeeds the person in all or part of his financial liability, and the effect of the contract extends to him within the limits of what the predecessor left of rights and obligations existing at the time of his death without extending to his private liability unless it appears from the contract or from the nature of the transaction or from the text of the system that this effect does not extend to the general successor. Second: The special successor: He is the one who succeeds another in the ownership of a specific thing. The basic principle is that he is a stranger to the contracts of his predecessor, as he is not bound by them nor does he acquire a right from them except by the fulfillment of three conditions.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: general successor, special successor, succession, effects of contracts, inheritance
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr .Abdullah bin Abdulaziz bin Mohammed Al-Fahham
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.85

A Proposed Model in Light of the Dimensions of Digital Citizenship for teaching Mathematics on Developing Critical Thinking Skills of the Intermediate Stage Female Students
type: item
description: This study aimed to prepare a proposed model in light of the dimensions of digital citizenship for teaching Mathematics and its impact on developing critical thinking skills for intermediate school students, To achieve this aim, the research used the quasi- experimental approach to answer the research questions, by used two groups, (Experimental and control( groups, The sample of study consisted of (40) female students from Intermediate school students in Asir region, The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between mean scores of the students of the experimental and control groups in the post test of critical thinking skills in favor of the experimental group, And in light of these results some recommendations and suggestions were made, Summarized in: The importance of Include dimensions of digital citizenship in mathematics curricula content.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 1
  topic: section
subject: teaching model, digital citizenship, critical thinking
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Afnan Saeed Alshehri
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.64518/jh.2026.v.i29.84

Family Alienation in Saudi Society: An Analytical Field Study in Light of Karl Marx's Theory of Alienation
type: item
description: This study aims to explore the phenomenon of family alienation in Saudi society in light of Karl Marx’s six dimensions: estrangement, loneliness, powerlessness, exploitation, diminished enjoyment, and lack of appreciation. A descriptive survey method was applied to a sample of 1,693 Saudi adults (20 years and above) distributed across different regions of the Kingdom, using a questionnaire designed according to Marx’s framework. The findings revealed that the overall level of family alienation was relatively low; however, exploitation was the most prominent dimension (41.7%), followed by powerlessness (32.4%), while loneliness recorded the lowest level (26.2%). Significant differences were found across demographic variables, with higher alienation among younger participants, low-income groups, members of larger families, and those spending longer hours online. Correlation analysis also showed strong interrelations among the six dimensions, indicating their overlap in shaping individuals’ emotional experiences. The study concludes that role-related pressures and imbalance in appreciation are the most critical sources of family alienation in Saudi society. It highlights the need for preventive and counseling programs that enhance mutual recognition, ensure fair distribution of responsibilities, and promote balanced use of digital media. The findings emphasize incorporating family alienation into national social policies and encourage further studies that address its theoretical and applied dimensions
subject: Research Articles — Volume 3
  topic: section
subject: Alienation, Loneliness, Powerlessness, Exploitation, Lack of appreciation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Tarfah Zaid Bin Humaid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-15
publication date: 2025-11-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2025.v.i28.82

The Role of Professional Literacy in Qualifying King Saud University College of Education Students for The Requirements of The Labor Market
type: item
description: The study aimed to identify the reality of professional literacy in qualifying female students at the College of Education at King Saud University for the requirements of the labor market, and the challenges, and to discover whether there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample attributed to the variables (academic qualification and training courses). To achieve this, the study used the descriptive survey method and the questionnaire that was applied to a simple random sample of female students at the College of Education at King Saud University. 338 students participated in the study. The study concluded that the practice of all dimensions (cognitive, attitudes, skills, and personal) related to the reality of professional literacy came at an average degree, with a mean of (3.17 out of 5.00). The degree of challenges that hinder professional literacy to qualify female students at the College of Education at King Saud University for the labor market came at a high degree, with an arithmetic mean of (3.44 out of 5.00). The results of the study also revealed that there were no statistically significant differences between the average responses of the study participants regarding professional literacy attributed to differences in academic qualifications and training courses. The study recommended increasing coordination and cooperation between academic departments and the Graduate Support Center to identify future professional skills required by students before graduation, and increasing the number of specialized programs and training courses in the technical and digital skills required by the labor market.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 3
  topic: section
subject: Professional illiteracy - Labor market
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Manal Saleh Alshebeili
creator: A.Wafaa bint Saeed Al-Qahtani
creator: A.Mashael bint Mohammed Al-Shadi
creator: A.Merfat bint Saad Al-Rahemi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-15
publication date: 2025-11-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2025.v.i28.81

https://ojs.uoh-jh.com/index.php/jh/en/article/view/80
type: item
title: A qualitative phenomenological study about the reasons and solutions of low reading comprehension skills among elementary school students from the viewpoints of international test coordinators and reading teaching supervisors
description: This study aimed to diagnose the manifestations of poor reading comprehension skills among primary school students and to identify the contributing factors behind the decline in this essential literacy skill. It also sought to explore proposed solutions for addressing the issue from the perspectives of international assessment coordinators and reading instruction supervisors within the Taif Education Directorate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study adopted a qualitative methodology utilizing a phenomenological research design to explore and understand participants' in-depth experiences and insights regarding the phenomenon under investigation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with nine international assessment coordinators and reading supervisors, in addition to a focused group interview with six supervisors during the 1446 AH academic year. The findings revealed five key manifestations of weak reading comprehension skills, the most prominent of which were psychological, behavioral, and accumulative issues negatively affecting students’ ability to comprehend texts. Furthermore, the results indicated that the underlying causes of poor reading comprehension could be categorized into five domains: teacher-related factors, student-related factors, school and educational system-related factors, sociocultural factors, and curriculum and assessment-related factors. Based on these findings, the study proposed a set of solutions categorized into four main areas: organizational solutions related to the school and educational system, developmental solutions related to curriculum and instructional methods, professional solutions targeting teacher preparation and competency development, and general awareness solutions aimed at families and the broader community to enhance their role in supporting students’ reading comprehension skills.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 3
  topic: section
subject: reading comprehension, causes of reading weakness, reading skills, comprehension.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-15
publication date: 2025-11-15
doi: 10.64518/jh.2025.v.i28.80

The Level of Practicing Visual Management Strategies and Its Relationship to the Level of Job Engagement from the Perspective of Al-Jouf University Employees
type: item
description: This study aimed to determine the level of practice of visual management strategies among university leaders at Al-Jouf University, to identify the level of employee engagement among the university’s employees, and to explore the relationship between them. It also sought to uncover statistically significant differences in the application of visual management and its role in enhancing employee engagement according to the variables of gender, experience, academic qualification, and direct supervisor. The study employed a descriptive-correlational methodology and relied on a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. It was conducted during the second semester of the 1446 AH / 2025 AD academic year on a sample of 161 administrative employees. The results showed that the level of practicing visual management strategies was high, with a mean score of 3.88. The “establishing work rules” strategy ranked first, followed by “eliminating waste,” then “purification,” and finally “continuous improvement.” The findings also indicated that the level of employee engagement was high, with an overall mean of 4.20, and that there was a strong, positive, and statistically significant correlation (r = 0.73) between the level of practicing visual management strategies and the level of employee engagement. Moreover, the results revealed statistically significant differences in favor of females and employees with more than ten years of experience, while no significant differences were found based on academic qualification or type of direct supervisor.
subject: Research Articles — Volume 3
  topic: section
subject: Visual Management, Employee Engagement, University Leadership, Continuous Improvement, Al-Jouf University
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Hebah Farhan Al-Ruwaili
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Human Sciences At Hail University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-10
publication date: 2025-11-10
doi: 10.64518/jh.2025.v.i28.79